"The direction manipulation of genes for practical purposes"
genetic engineering

What are genes inserted into for cloning in DNA Cloning
plasmids

Resulting DNA from plasmid + gene of interest
recombinant DNA

What is plasmid carrying cloned DNA called
cloning vector

Places where plasmids get cut
restriction sites

Parts yielded by restriction enzyme
restriction fragments

What are these (on restriction fragments)
sticky ends

What enzyme seals the sticky ends together
DNA Ligase

How to separate restriction fragments
gel electrophoresis

What is used to obtain the genes of interest for introduction into plasmids
PCR

In CRISPR-Cas9 what does Cas9 do
remove genes

Design of genes to spread through population
gene drive

Reason for organismal cloning
stem cells

Cells that give rise to all the specialized cell types in an organism
totipotent

This thing + plant hormones allows growing plant in the lab
callus cells

Problem with GMOs
crop-to-weed hybridization

Plants that do cloning naturally
strawberry
garlic

Modification on maize to make it produce insecticide
Bt toxin

Transgenic variety of rice to address vitamin A deficiency
Golden Rice

In cloning, what is nucleus from somatic cell put into
egg cell without nucleus

Feature of restriction sites (sticky end feature)
palindrome

What size of DNA moves the furthest in gel electrophoresis
small

In DNA profiling what is amplified for gel electrophoresis
short tandem repeats

What can DNA profiling be used for
crime scenes

You eliminate the alleles mom and child share and see who the father is (Father A). What band shows this
8

What type of disease is cystic fibrosis
recessive autosomal

Process in which bacteria exchange plasmids
conjugation

If thing being transferred is "F factor", what is `donor` cell and what is `recipient` cell
donor: F+
recipient: F-

What is process where one strand of DNA going through mating bridge while the missing part is getting re-replicated to have 2 strands
rolling circle replication

What does recipient cell become after conjugation is done
recombinant

Sign for donor where factor is part of main bacterial chromosome
Hfr

What is transferred to F- cell (including F factor)
part of A+

What happens with linear DNA transferred to recipient, causing transfer of A+
synapsis

Is recipient cell a donor cell when the F factor gets degraded
no

Result of transfer from F+ cell: `a`, result of transfer from Hfr cell: `b`
a: recombinant F+
b: recombinant F-

What do most of the 25 genes in F factor code for
mating bridge