Idea of west before it was frontier Great American Desert Difference between ideal version of west and real inhabited Most widespread group in west Plains indians Group that was most common in New Mexico Hispanics What led to Americans in Southwest Railroads Person that led angry mexican ranchers to free other mexicans juan cortina Name for mexicans in california californios People that came for gold but got racially excluded and had to work on Railroads Chinese Political machines in Chinatowns led by merchants, helped Chinese in the Chinatowns Six Companies Act that banned chinese immigration and naturalization Chinese Exclusion Act Acts that provided land for planting trees/watering land/etc. Timber Culture Act Desert Land Act 3 industries of west mining ranching commercial farming Person that had show about wild west that romanticized it and was very popular and famous buffalo bill cody Group that raised cattle along the way to eastern markets on grass on the trails open ranchers What did open ranchers have to compete with farmers Painters of the west Rocky mountain school Person that made novels that represented desire to advance to west Mark Twain What happened when West fully finished opportunity lost Method where native americans moved to fixed size reservations and split up from each other concentration Major conflict between Natives and Whites over what resource Buffalo Major battle victory for Natives battle of little bighorn People leading battle of little bighorn crazy horse sitting bull Most brutal fights with Natives Apache Wars Assimilation of Natives run by what Bureau of Indian Affairs Act that forces Natives to switch from tribes to individual land ownership Dawes Act of 1887 What led to decline of farming in west return to low rainfall Person that made document that claimed Western expansion made america possible Frederick Jackson Turner Person that led natives trying to flee to canada over 1000s of miles while escaping whites but eventually lost Chief Joseph Dance that made whites scared because Natives were being spiritual Ghost Dance Massacre after Ghost Dance where whites killed natives wounded knee massacre Thing that supported growing companies during time of growth communications Person that developed process to make steel Henry Bessemer Thing that supported trade across oceans new steam engine `year`: `person` makes first Oil well in Pennsylvania year: 1859 person: George Bissell Person that developed 4-stroke engine Nicolaus Otto Year when ford makes car 1895 Year when Wrights make flight 1903 Thing critical to assembly line interchangeable parts People that merged railroads to make giants Cornelius Vanderbilt James Hill Collis Huntington Development of modern corporation relied on what stocks Thing where multiple businesses doing same thing combine horizontal integration Thing where business buys businesses it relies vertical integration Person that did vertical integration carnegie Who consolidates oil both vertically and horizontally, becoming a symbol of monopoly (considered good) rockefeller Person that introduces idea of trust where corporations sell themselves to get profits of whole trust jp morgan Development that allowed companies to buy other companies holding companies Andrew Carnegie writes book called what about how rich should help poor The Gospel of Wealth Original person that gives lecture about how anyone can become rich Russell Conwell Person that writes hundreds of rags to riches novels, spreading the idea Horatio Alger Novel that shows female ambition Little Women Book that claims government can fix monopolies and that will benefit everyone Dynamic Sociology When did erratic economy start with recessions every 5 years 1873 First national labor conflict railroad strike of 1877 Union for all people that work knights of labor Organization for skilled laborers called `name`, striked nationally on `year` name: AFL year: 1886 Strike of steelworkers where workers fight and initially win but lose to military, union loses power homestead strike Strike in Chicago of car and rail workers where state government won't step in so national government comes in and stops it pullman strike Person that led the car workers to collaborate with the rail workers to strike the car company Eugene Debs Reason why unions didn't work in late 1800s corporations too powerful Idea used to support wealthy capitalists social darwinism Idea that workers need to become interchangeable and managers need to be scientific in early 1800s (eventually led to assembly line) taylorism Oil company of rockefeller standard oil Labor unions that used violence, made unions less popular molly maguires Bomb thrown during what strike led to unions being less popular haymarket bombing Benefit of stocks limited liability Where did migrants for cities come from Eastern farms Difference between American immigrants and other countries diverse Organizations to stop immigration American Protective Association Immigration Restriction League New thing made in cities in 1860s parks Movement to make symmetrical and orderly cities in architects like Daniel Burnham city beautiful movement Place where poor live in cities tenement Person that makes book about tenement life Jacob Riis Major structure that changed cities transportation brooklyn bridge Thing that led to fire departments & new construction techniques boston and chicago fires 1871 `year`: `government organization` to stop dangers of city to environmental and human heatlth year: 1912 government organization: Public Health Service Story about women being hurt in cities (Sister Carrie) written by Theodore Dreiser What did political machines need to get votes Most corrupt and large political machine was led by `person` in `machine` person: William M. Tweed machine: Tammany Hall Thing that changed in cities in early 1900s consumerism New type of store made in early 1900s that made consumerism more popular department stores Year of first American baseball league 1876 Theater that has a variety of spectacles vaudeville Biggest example of public entertainment coney island Most powerful newspaper owner, powered by telegraph William R Hearst Massive monopoly over all telephone systems, made possible by "repeater" AT&T Person that writes about oppression of women and gets bullied Kate Chopin School of art that makes very naturalist portrayals of social realities, finally beats Europe Ashcan school Famous art show in New York armory show Thing that made rift between liberal urbans and conservative rurals darwinism `person` published `idea` where everything needs to be tested if it worked - followed scientific inquiry person: William James idea: pragmatism Thing that allowed universities to develop science with real-world impact and become respected donations from monopolies When do doctors accept germ theory and scientific inquiry early 1900s Ethnic enclaves called what ghettoes Organization that encourage people to only buy products with its label (made with fair working conditions) National Consumers League Thing that remained throughout 19th century party stability Reason for intense loyalty to political parties geographical region What are the 100k people president appoint called patronage What president had to deal with competing factions for patronage, leading to neither reelecting him Rutherford Hayes Faction that supports no change, political machine and party-based patronage stalwarts Faction that supports reform half-breeds When President James Garfield shot by Stalwart for his half-breed he is replaced by what vice president that was a stalwart Chester Arthur What does Chester Arthur do when he becomes president (unexpect/unloyal to his faction) civil service exam Act that did civil service exam Pendleton Act of 1883 Person that embodies era of no government intervention, tries to reduce tariffs but this becomes election issue Grover Cleveland Thing that people want federal government to confront antitrust Case in which federal government says state regulation of railroads unconstitutional wabash Federal antitrust act that is not enforced Sherman Act of 1890 Farmers that file the wabash Case granges Commission created to regulate railroads but little enforced Interstate Commerce Commission Group of farmers that replaces granges Farmers' Alliance When the groups combine they make people's party, called what populist party Thing that starts Panic of 1893 failure of railroads When silver is not used to back dollar what is it called (because it was worth more as silver, but stopped being that) Crime of '73 What do populists want more money through silver `person` that gives `name` speech is nominated for democrats, supports silver like populists person: William Bryan name: Cross of Gold What does populist party do after cross of gold speech join democrats When Bryan becomes popular rich republicans contribute lots and have who elected McKinley What does McKinley do raise tariff Leader of american imperialism (Pro-Navy) Alfred Mahan US first overseas colony for navy base Pearl Harbor War that leads to American expansionism American-Spanish War What cause starts Spanish-American War cuba libre What ship explosion mistakenly interpreted as Spanish fighting and leads Americans to War Maine Person that seizes Phillipines because he wants America to become imperial Theodore Roosevelt Person that leaves Navy to actually fight in Cuba, gains prestige Roosevelt What does America get after Spanish-American War puerto rico What year does Spanish-American war end and US keep Phillipines (they don't want to give to imperialists, but they have to educate/civilize) 1898 War that leads to lots of American death from 1898-1902 Phillipine war Approach to China by McKinley that allows free trade Open Door What does US do to get more access to China fight boxer rebellion What does Spanish American war do to US govt. (they nearly failed) create real military Liberal republicans that support reform mugwumps Act that raised tariffs Mckinley Act Act that allowed government to get Silver for gold, didn't solve populist requests Sherman Silver Purchase Act of 1890 When Mckinley elected, he makes what to stop requests for silver gold standard act of 1900 Leader of Filipinos in Phillipine War Emilio Aguinaldo Amendment by US that pressured Cuba into having favorable trade with US (their independence didn't mention US) Platt Amendment