What can members of a species do produce fertile offspring Thing that stops members from reproducing reproductive isolation Isolation in different places habitat isolation Isolation in different times for breeding temporal isolation Isolation in different breeding rituals behavioral isolation Isolation where mating isnt physically possible morphological Isolation Isolation where reproductive cells dont work with each other gametic isolation Isolation where offspring don't work reduced hybrid viability Isolation where offpsring work but not fertile reduced hybrid fertility Isolation where offspring cant mate with parent species hybrid breakdown A group of individuals of the same species living in the same area population Group of populations of different species in same area that interact community Group of organisms and abiotic factors that interact in one area ecosystem Name for plants in ecosystem autotroph Things that feed on autotrophs heterotroph Levels of ecosystem: `1`, `2`, `3`, `4` 1: primary producer 2: primary consumer 3: secondary consumer 4: tertiary consumer Decomposers that digest internally detritovore Decomposers that digest externaly (e.g. mushrooms) Saprotroph Trophic efficiency is normaly how much 10% Resource that limits the amount of organisms in area (can be biotic or abiotic, e.g. sunlight or predators) limiting factor Interaction in which one species consumes the other predation Interaction in which herbivore eats part of plant but doesn't kill it herbivory Interaction in which one species gets nourishment from host and impairs host parasitism Interaction in which both animals benefit from each other mutualism Interaction in which one animal benefits and other animal doesn't care commensalism Interaction in which animals hurt each other by trying to get resource competition The biotic and abiotic resources used by an organism is what ecological niche Idea where species that share the same ecological niche will make the other go extinct competitive exclusion Niche that includes everywhere species can be fundamental niche Niche that only has the places that the species can dominate realized niche Species that has an outsized impact on ecosystem when removed keystone species Low rainfall and very cold biome tundra High rainfall, somewhat low temperature coniferous forest Low rainfall, high temperature desert A tiny bit of rainfall, high temperature grassland Medium rainfall, medium temperature broadleaf forest High temperature, high rainfall tropical forest Total mass of all organisms, also means total energy biomass The sequential change in community following a disruption ecological succession Ecological succession in areas with no life, little organic material primary succession Ecological succession where major disruption but still a little life and organic material (especially soil) secondary succession Stages of succession: `1`, where `1 thing` happens, `2` stages happen with different plants, then `3` 1: pioneer 1 thing: colonization 2: seral 3: climax community Community that is not allowed to reach climax because of human activity (diversion) pagioclimax community Amount of energy produced by primary producers minus energy they use in respiration NPP Dramatic increase in production when nutrients added to ecosystem, leads to oxygen depletion and fish dying eutrophication Energy used in growth or reproduction out of total energy consumed production efficiency