Alcohol in acidic potassium dichromate does what type of reaction
alcohol oxidation

In alcohol oxidation primary becomes `primary`, secondary becomes `secondary`, tertiary has `tertiary`
primary: aldehyde
secondary: carboxylic acid
tertiary: no reaction

Color of potassium dichromate before and after reaction (used in breathalyzer): `before`, `after`
before: orange
after: green

What does a nucleophile have (optionally has charge)
lone pair

Common nucleophiles
hydroxyl group
amine group
cyanide group

What do nucleophiles substitute themselves into, having the thing that got substituted going back into original
electronegative bonds

Example of bond nucleophile would attack
C-Cl

Homolytic fission vs heterolytic fission: in heterolytic both `a` go to one molecule
a: electron

Opposite of oxidation of alcohol is
reduction of aldehyde/ketone

Reduction of aldehyde/ketone requires `thing`, which gives `ion`
thing: reducing agent
ion: H-

What does ketone get reduced to
secondary alcohol

Stronger reducer: `strong`, weaker: `weak`, only strong can reduce `a`
strong: LiAlH4
weak: NaBH4
a: carboxylic acid

What does substitution of alkanes require
UV light

Three steps of substitution of alkanes: `1`, where `a` happens, `2`, where `b` happens (assuming Cl2 is reacting), `3`, where `c` happens
1: initiation
a: homolytic fission
2: preparation
b: H goes to the unpaired Cl
3: termination
c: Cl goes to the unpaired C

What is required for hydogenation (where H gets added to double/triple bonds, making them singles)
nickel
hydrogen gas
180 C

In polymerization what pairs to the left and right
C double bond

What does esterification rely on
le chatelier principle

What is on the left of esterification
alcohol
carboxylic acid

What is on the right of esterification
ester
water

What are electrophiles
H+
Cl+
NO2+
CH3+

Electrophiles attack `bond` because `reason`
bond: C=C
reason: high electron density

What catalyst is needed to hydrate something with electrophilic substitution
H2SO4

How many hydrogens get switched in electrophilic addition
2

What does acidified potassium dichromate need to oxidize alcohols
heat

`chemical` is used in `reaction` to test for alkenes, changing from `original` color to `new` color
chemical: bromine
reaction: electrophilic substitution
original: red
new: clear

Polymerization reaction where you have OH on both sides or OH and NH2 and it releases H2O
condensation

Polymerization where a double bond becomes a single bond with 1 bond to the left and one bond to the right
addition