Model for cell where proteins can move around within phospholipid bilayer fluid mosaic Nonpolar part of phospholipid fatty acids Polar parts of phospholipid glycerol phosphate group Type of molecule that diffuses quickly across membrane small Nonpolar Type of molecule that diffuses slowly/doesn't diffuse polar large Sodium potassium ion pump uses ATP to bring in `in` and put out `out` to create voltage in: potassium out: sodium Protein that transports molecules in an out in cell membrane transport protein Enzymes in cell wall that do things Enzymatic activity Protein in cell wall that detects signal molecule and sends it inside the cell signal transduction Protein in cell wall that has molecule sticking off for identification glycoprotein Proteins in cell wall that join to other cells intercellular joining Protein in cell wall that do structure connect to what extracellular matrix cytoskeleton When more kinks in phospholipids what happens to fluidity increases What does cholestorol do to fluidity at low temp increase What does cholestorl do to fluidity at high temp decrease Protein that goes through the membrane transmembrane protein Protein that is on the side of the membrane peripheral protein Molecules that have hydrophobic and hydrophilic side amphipathic Movement of water from low solute to high solute osmosis Solution names for osmosis: `higher solute`, `same solute`, `lower solute` higher solute: hypertonic same solute: isotonic lower solute: hypotonic Diffusion in which molecules just cross the membrane simple Diffusion Diffusion in which molecules passively cross through transport protein facilitated diffusion Diffusion in which ATP is required to move it active transport Protein with hole for ions to go through channel protein Protein that changes shape passively to bring things through carrier protein Process where cell wall encapsulates a large amount of things and brings it in using ATP endocytosis Process where golgi makes a phospholipid-encased set of things that then join with the cell wall, allowing proteins to go in cell wall and things to be secreted exocytosis Charge across membrane (created by K-Na pump) membrane potential Where cell eats, bringing in large protein or molecule phagocytosis Where cell drinks, bringing in ions and other solutes pinocytosis Where receptors bind to molecules and bring them into the cell receptor-mediated endocytosis Transport where hydrogen ion pumped out and then hydrogen goes in with glucose against glucoses' gradient cotransport Main electrogenic pump of plants proton pump How plant cell is supposed to be where it has high pressure and in hypotonic solution turgid How cell is in isotonic solution flaccid What cell undergoes in hypertonic solution plasmolysis Thing that solutes go down concentration gradient Evidence that cells come from prokaryotes Plasmids Double membrane Divide Ribosomes Old idea in which living things like bacteria come from nonliving matter (e.g. rotting meat) spontaneous generation What came before cells vesicles Process in which cell engulfs mitochondria/plastids and they are mutually beneficial endosymbiosis Three steps in cell signalling: `1`, `2`, `3` 1: reception 2: transduction 3: response What is signal molecule called ligand Where do steroids go into for signalling (not plasma membrane) cytoplasm Types of receptors G protein-coupled receptor tyrosine kinase What does kinase do to protein phosphorylation Common secondary messengers Ca2+ IP3