Features of the carbons in deoxyribose: `1'`, `2'`, `3'`, `5'`
1': nitrogenous base
2': no oxygen
3': hydroxyl group
5': phosphoester

Type of bond in backbone
phosphodiester

In DNA phosphoester gets what charge (loses hydrogen in OH)
negative

The longer base type is `type`, with bases `baselong`, the shorter is `shorttype`, with bases `baseshort`
type: purine
baselong: AG
shorttype: pyrimidine
baseshort: CT

Which pair of bases have double hydrogen bonds instead of triple hydrogen bonds
A
T

Type of reaction to make DNA polymers
condensation

What type of model do we have for DNA replication (experiment shows that resulting DNA is mostly non radioactive or whatever)
semiconservative

How many origins of replication do bacteria have
1

Steps of DNA: `1`, `2`, `3`
1: initiation
2: elongation
3: termination

In initiation what enzyme splits the DNA 
helicase

What stops the DNA from re-binding
single-strand binding proteins

What stops the DNA thats getting twisted up in front and behind of the replication bubble from breaking
topoisomerases

Notable topoisomerase
gyrase

What adds the RNA primer needed for elongation
primase

In elongation, what enzyme elongates from the RNA primer
DNA Polymerase III

After the DNA Pol III elongates what replaces the RNA primer with DNA (termination)
DNA Polymerase I

What direction does DNA form
5' to 3'

What is direction of the leading strand going towards the replication fork
3' to 5'

What enzyme connects the end of the elongated DNA segment to the DNA primer (termination)
ligase

Who showed that transformation occurs with DNA by combining heated (dead) virulent bacteria with nonvirulent living cells and having those nonvirulent ones kill mice (therefore showing they reproduced with the virulent DNA)
Griffith

Chargaff's 2 rules: `varies` varies and `same` is the same
varies: A/G ratio
same: C/G ratio

When bases are matched incorrectly and don't stick it is called `name`, caused by `cause`
name: thymine dimer
cause: UV radiation