Massacre of courthouse for voting that led to killing of all blacks in town (showing disenfranchisement) colfax massacre Supreme court case that says colfax massacre is legal because bill of rights doesn't apply to states (so Black militiamen can't protect voters) US v Cruikshank post-reconstruction disenfranchisement called what Redemption Method to disenfranchise where 1 person votes repeatedly Ballot stuffing Method to disenfranchise where judge basically removes black people over test literacy test Method to disenfranchise where you can only vote if grandpa voted Grandfather clause What brings some end to state power new deal Doctrine thats supposed to enforce federal law incorporation doctrine Where does FDR end discrimination after Philip Randolph from Brotherhood of Sleeping Car Porters threatens march on washington military What does brown v board of education argue separate is unequal What does brown v board of education reverse plessy v ferguson `year`: Brown II urges schools to `action` year: 1955 action: desegregate Brown II possible because `organization` changed `thing` organization: NAACP thing: courts Where does Eisenhower stop anti-desegregators by sending in military Little Rock, Arkansas Person that closes schools to fight desegregation Lindsay Almond `place`: Schools are closed down to not desegregate in `year`, called `name` place: Virginia year: 1959 name: Massive resistance Person protected by Eisenhower sending in troops to little rock in 1959 Elizabeth Eckford Membership of what increased after Brown Citizens Councils