Evolutionary history of species or group of species
Phylogeny

Ordered division and naming of organisms
Taxonomy

Groups that share immediate common ancestor
sister taxa

Place where taxa diverge from common ancestor
branch point

Ways to tell if features are homologous rather than analogous
fossils
genetics

Process of classifying organisms by common descent
cladistics

Group of species that includes an ancestral species and its descendants
clade

Group of organisms related by characteristic
taxon

Characteristic that originated in ancestor
shared ancestral character

Characteristic that ended in clade
shared derived character

What uses constant rate of genetic change to estimate absolute time
molecular clock

What groups did early taxonomists classify into
plants
animals

Kingdom for prokaryote (old)
Monera

Problem with using genetics for classifying early species
horizontal gene transfer