Industrial revolution (factory workers) possible because (revolution, food, medicine) Agricultural revolution Potato Medical care Cottage industry in Britain made to compete with Indian cotton What moved cottage industry out of women's homes to factories? water frame Resource very important for Industrial Revolution Britain had coal Coal was used to make what initially (important for industrial machines & infrastructure) iron Britain had what economic thing from Trans-atlantic trade excess capital Britan had what government thing good for inventors Protection of private property Where did Farmers who could not afford land go? cities Important thing for transportation of goods in Britain lots of rivers Class that expanded in industrial revolution middle class Job that ended with Industrial revolution artisan Industrial revolution led which area to dominate West What continued rivalries between nations What made maritime trade much faster and cheaper steam engine Europe changed from `old system` to `new system` old system: Mercantilism new system: Capitalism New middle class job (in additions to Doctors, lawyers, etc.) management Voting spreads because of belief of? natural rights Democracy/expanded voting occured because size & capital of `thing` expanded? thing: middle class Major leader in beginning reforms (Germany) Chancellor Otto van Bismarck What did reforms do? spread What also brought reforms labor unions Economic thing designed to reduce risk corporation Corporation funded by stockholders Corporation allows more investment Extremely powerful companies transnational companies Hong Kong transnational company that allowed money to flow around the world HKSBC One of the first transnational companies Unilever Things that grew with entrpreneurship insurance banks In Britain advertising to middle class led to this consumerism Things that grew as consumerism grew sports Sports parks led to mingling between classes Enlightenment made religion less powerful New thoughts about government led to what age age of isms Ideas of enlightenment led to what Revolutions `scientist` in 1600s says scientific observation makes things true, not `thing` scientist: Francis Bacon thing: religion `thinker` in 1651 says people live by Social Contract where they give up their freedom to `thing` for protection/liberties thinker: Hobbes thing: government `thinker` says that due to Hobbes' ideas, it is the right/responsibility for people to `do what` against unjust government thinker: Locke do what: revolt Locke says peoples natural rights are life liberty pursuit of property Locke says `thing` is more important than `old thing` for development of individual thing: environment old thing: ancestry `Person` advocates for tripartite (executive, legislative, judiciary) system in government and praises `thing` Person: Montesquieu thing: checks and balances `Person` famous for criticism of French social structure, appreciated social structure of `place`, wanted religious `thing` Person: Voltaire place: England thing: freedom `person` advocates for extension of social contract to add `thing` person: Rousseau thing: child education `person` calls for free trade in response to `thing` and wanted government to refrain from acting on `thing2`, fondation of `system` person: Adam Smith thing: mercantilism thing2: economy system: capitalism `religious system`: People believe god made natural laws, but `thing` can explain world, famous author is `author` religious system: Deism thing: science author: Thomas Paine `ism`: Old social constructs were good, proved by poor conditions caused by urbanization ism: Conservatism `thing ism`: Ideal societies can be created where workers are happy in their jobs and people live in good conditions, foundational for `author` thing ism: utopian socialism author: Marx Who established small utopian societies in places (british)? Robert Owen Classic `ism`: Want constitution, more `thing`, support `thing2` representation in Britain ism: liberalism thing: democracy thing2: cities `Person` argues that Women should receive same education as men (1792) Person: Mary Wollstonecraft When did women get right to vote 1928 Landmark convention in New York for womens right (1828) Seneca convention Ism for freeing slaves Abolitionism Slave trade abolished in 180x No more slave trade led to no more Slavery Europe serfdom in Britain ended in `time1`, France in `time2`, Russia in `time3` time1: 1574 time2: 1789 time3: 1861 Ism for Jews to get new homeland Zionism Person leading Zionism Theodor Herzl Ism against Jews Anti-semitism Zionism grew until `thing` was founded (had to compete with Ottoman empire, arabs, etc.) thing: Israel Major problem in Ottoman Empire at this time? corruption Who took land and power from Ottoman? Russians How did China feel because of Europeans in 19th century? humiliated Which part of Ottoman Empire gained some independence and industrialized more successfully? Egypt `thing`: Japan modernizes by studying `subject` to preserve traditional culture from `people` (who forced them to accept trade), overthrew shogun thing: Meiji Restoration subject: western technology people: foreigners Problems with industrialization (money, conditions) low wages long hours unsanitary dangerous What did people create to advocate for better conditions labor unions Unions led to what movement (among men) right to vote Ism that addresses problems with capitalism without too many changes, moderate utilitarianism Karl Marx made `pamphlet`, with `working class name` and `middle class name` who owned machines - means of production, argued that working class should own means of production and share money pamphlet: Communist Manifesto working class name: proletariat middle class name: bourgouisie `name`: Ottoman Sultan that tries to industrialize, builds roads, doesn't allow military to collect taxes, postal system, etc. Called `reform name` name: Mahmud II reform name: Tanzimat Industrialization in Ottoman leads to power going to what men China movement in response to foreign power self strengthening movement China tries to reform, but aunt of emperor, `name` prevents reform because conservative name: Cixi Foreign powers for China to become what republic Industrialization leads japan to disband what Samurai Japan literacy improved because of what new schools American revolution started because government independent enlightenment ideas large distance British fought who in New Zealand? Maori Major factors in govt leading to French revolution no money drought French Estates nobility clergy commoners In Estates General meeting in France over no money, `thing`, making `thing2` thing: commoners break away thing2: National Assembly French Rev: (`year`): People stormed `thing` (political prison), starts actual revolution, now known as `day` year: 1789 thing: Bastille day: French Independence Day In French countryside peasants did what? broke manors Government originally was going to be limited monarchy, but king tries to `action`, leading to `people` taking over action: run away people: radicals `group` executed thousands of opponents to revolution - `name` group: Jacobins name: Reign of Terror Reign of Terror ended by `person` person: Napoleon Haitian revolution inspired by enlightenment ideas Haitian revolution plays `groups` against each other, led by `people` groups: french, spanish, british people: slaves `year`: Haiti makes declaration of independence, only colony to become independent through `people` year: 1804 people: slaves Latin America social hierarchy: `top`, `second`, `third`, `fourth` top: Peninsulares second: Creoles third: Mestizos fourth: Mulattoes In Latin America `group` wanted power over `group2` (which was currently in power) group: Creoles group2: Peninsulares `person` (there are others too): Creole that pushes for Enlightenment ideas in Latin America, leads `thing` since wealthy person: Bolivar thing: armies Since Creoles took over in Latin America, government was still what? conservative Why did Brazil keep slavery for a very long time? Bloodless transfer of power Italian leader uses what to weaken Austria control, leading to unification Napoleon Who used wars to lead to German unification (they already disliked Napoleon rule) Bismarck European nationalism led to what group breaking away from Ottomans? greece Greece breaking away led to what leaving Ottoman, which was already declining Balkans Where low income urban people lived initially slums Over time what was created fire department police health acts Wages in working class were low because? little skill needed Group that labored in start of industrial revolution children Women hired because paid half of men What spread because of Industrial revolution diseases respiratory illness Industrial revolution beginning movement migration Germany could industrialize once it got unified US good for industrial revolution because it had large `thing` because `reason` thing: workforce reason: immigration Russia has large what economies because of railroad coal steel Thing that helped Russia trade with Asia Trans-siberian railroad Britain ended what industry in India (even though it had lots of resources) Mining Major textile producers before Britain industrialization India Egypt Pre-Europe industrialization countries lost their industries because no market Way to power factories after Water Frame steam engine Steam engine used to power boats trains Products of Second Industrial Revolution (metal, fuel, engine, power, communications) steel oil combustion engine electricity phone radio Important transportation in US for industrialization (could transport vast resources of US) Transcontinental railroad Railroads allow people to move inside of country